??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. it's been customary in surveys ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? on the Arabic literary custom to put in writing from the period between 1258 and 1800 by declaring it a “period of decadence.” nonetheless, a more nuanced Investigation